█ _ كاتب غير معروف 2006 حصريا كتاب Immunity to Parasites 2024 Parasites: About the book: Parasites such as protozoa or helminths currently account for greater morbidity and mortality than any other class of infectious organisms, particularly in developing countries The structural antigenic diversity pathogenic parasites is reflected heterogeneity adaptive immune responses that they elicit Protozoa live within host cells are destroyed by cell mediated immunity, whereas eliminated IgE antibody eosinophil killing well leukocytes principal innate response phagocytosis, but many these resistant phagocytic may even replicate macrophages Phagocytes also attack helminthic secrete microbicidal substances kill organisms too large be phagocytosed Some activate alternative pathway complement defense mechanism against survive (e g Leishmania spp , Toxoplasma gondii) macrophage activation TH1 derived cytokines inside various lyse stimulate specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) Plasmodium ) Defense infections TH2 cells, which results production antibodies eosinophils mast combined actions lead expulsion destruction Most parasitic chronic because weak immunity ability evade resist elimination system varying their antigens during residence vertebrate hosts, acquiring resistance effector mechanisms, masking shedding surface Biology Books مجاناً PDF اونلاين Biologically Biology a natural science concerned with study life, its forms function, how interact each surrounding environment word biology Greek made up two words: bio (βίος) meaning life And loggia ( λογία) means Biology: similarity vegetation animal cover on edges African American states, existence same fossil Branches biology Biology an ancient thousands years old modern began nineteenth century This has multiple branches Among them are: Anatomy Botany Biochemia Biogeography Biofisia Cytology science Ecology environmental science Development Embryology embryology Genetics genetics Histology histology Anthropology anthropology Microbiology bacteriology Molecular Biology Physiology functions organs Taxonemia taxonomy Virology virology Zoology zoology