█ _ نفيد شيخ 2009 حصريا كتاب ❞ Body Count a quantitative review of political violence across world civilizations ❝ 2024 civilizations: In his seminal work The Clash Civilizations and the Remaking World Order (1996), the Harvard political scientist Samuel Huntington reinvented Arnold Toynbee’s understanding history as driven not only by impersonal material structures—territory, capital, population, and natural resources—but equally interpersonal ide ational structures This perception seemed supported by empirical observation, soon filled intellectual and political lacunae which had attained particular salience in the wake implosion Soviet backed communism Oftentimes, reinstatement religion—as single most stable ideational structure in human history—was referred to ‘the revenge God’, but for social scientists and historians alike it became impossible scientifically isolate divine variable from terrestrial imperatives muddled socio praxes earthlings A casual observation, nonetheless, would suggest that discursive constructions about God (in politics, short hand for absolute truth) have been necessary corollary nearly all conflictual formations, substate transstate levels intensity this linkage, its constancy, is tested study body count Objectives The present attempts quantify death toll religious throughout last two millennia relating these religio cultural civiliza tions Adopting modified version Huntington’s tional taxonomy, progresses along following lines: First, comprehensive data list over 3,000 violent clashes history, 0–2008 ce was developed We then pro ceeded identify 276 most violent conflicts tory, all with estimated death tolls 10,000, and ranked them toll result organized along civilizational lines, order attain comparative understanding religiously conditioned The findings are represented four tables, leading a comparative evaluation Methodology The has first produced an aggregate major violent last two millennia, incorporating four categories violence, namely war, civil democide, and structural shows extent vio lence almost universal form ‘doing politics’ in parts inhabited long has been recorded proceeded the death episodes produce of the These conflicts were organized مقارنة الأديان مجاناً PDF اونلاين الدين المقارن هو أحد فروع دراسة التي تهتم بالموازنة المنظمة للعقائد والممارسات أديان العالم هذا ركن خاص بالكتب المجانيه مجال وما يتعلق بها