📘 ❞ An Introduction to English Phonology ❝ كتاب ــ April McMahon اصدار 2002

علم الأصوات phonology - 📖 ❞ كتاب An Introduction to English Phonology ❝ ــ April McMahon 📖

█ _ April McMahon 2002 حصريا كتاب An Introduction to English Phonology 2024 Phonology: to English Phonology April McMahon Edinburgh Textbooks on the Language General Editor Heinz Giegerich, Professor of Linguistics (University Edinburgh) Editorial Board Laurie Bauer Wellington) Derek Britton Edinburgh) Olga Fischer Amsterdam) Norman Macleod Edinburgh) Donka Minkova (UCLA) Katie Wales Leeds) Anthony Warner York) An Syntax Jim Miller An Phonology April McMahon An Morphology Andrew Carstairs McCarthy An Phonology Contents To colleagues ix 1 Sounds, spellings and symbols 1 1 1 Phonetics phonology 2 Variation 4 1 3 The International Phonetic Alphabet 5 Recommendations for reading 11 2 phoneme: same but different 12 2 when ignore it Conditioned variation in written language 13 2 phoneme 14 2 4 Some further examples 17 2 5 reality 19 Exercises 21 Recommendations 22 3 Describing consonants 23 3 What’s inside a phonetic symbol? Consonant classification anatomy consonant 24 Exercises 34 Recommendations 35 4 Defining distributions: allophones 36 4 Phonemes revisited Making generalisations statements more precise 38 4 A economical feature system 40 4 Natural classes 46 4 6 warning note phonological rules 47 01 pages i x prelims 18 10 01 1:14 pm Page v Exercises 50 Recommendations 51 5 Criteria contrast: 52 5 Minimal pairs beyond similarity defective distributions 53 5 Free 56 5 Neutralisation 58 5 morphology 60 5 Rules constraints 62 5 7 63 Exercises 65 Recommendations 66 6 vowels 67 6 Vowels versus vowel 69 6 Vowel 74 Exercises 77 Recommendations 78 7 phonemes 79 7 again Establishing contrasts features allophonic 85 7 distribution 87 7 variation, neutralisation morphophonemics 88 Exercises 91 Recommendations 91 8 between accents 92 8 importance accent Systemic differences 94 8 Realisational 99 8 Distributional 101 Exercises 102 Recommendations 103 9 Syllables 104 9 above segment syllable Constituents 105 vi AN INTRODUCTION TO ENGLISH PHONOLOGY 01 vi 9 grammar syllables: patterns acceptability 106 9 Justifying constituents 109 Exercises 115 Recommendations 116 10 word 117 10 Phonological units Stress 118 10 foot 124 10 Segmental phrase 128 Exercises 131 Recommendations 132 Discussion exercises 133 References 143 Index 145 علم الأصوات مجاناً PDF اونلاين هذا القسم يحتويعلي مصادر خاصة بعلم الأصوات هو فرع من اللغويات يهتم بتنظيم اللغات يركز هذا العلم تقليدياً بشكل كبير دراسة نظم الفونيم لغات محددة ولكن قد تغطي أيضاً أي تحليلات لسانية سواءً مستوى ما دون الكلمة (كالمقاطع اللفظية وغيرها) أو جميع مستويات اللغة حيث يتم اعتبار الصوت هيكلياً لنقل المعنى اللغوي Phonology is branch linguistics concerned with systematic organization sounds spoken languages signs sign It used be only study systems (and therefore also called phonemics, or phonematics), may cover any linguistic analysis either at level beneath (including syllable, onset rime, articulatory gestures, features, mora, etc ) all levels where sound are structured convey meaning ] Sign have equivalent building blocks specifications movement, location handshape ] Contents 1 Terminology 2 Derivation definitions 3 History 4 Analysis phonemes 5 Other topics phonology Terminology The 'phonology' (as English) can refer (sound system) given This one fundamental which considered comprise, like its syntax, vocabulary