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is developing in the mother>s
body. Most birth defects happen
during the first 3 months of
pregnancy.
A birth defect may affect how
the body looks, works, or both.
It can be found before birth, at
birth, or anytime after birth. Most
defects are found within the first
year of life. Some birth defects
(such as cleft lip or clubfoot) are
easy to see, but others (such as
heart defects or hearing loss) are
found using special tests (such
as x-rays, CAT scans, or hearing
tests). Birth defects can vary from
mild to severe.
Some birth defects can cause
the baby to die. Babies with birth
defects may need surgery or
other medical treatments, but, if
they receive the help they need,
these babies often lead full lives.
What are the most common
birth defects?
One of every 33 babies is born
with a birth defect. A birth defect
can affect almost any part of the
body. The well being of the child
depends mostly on which organ
or body part is involved and how
much it is affected.
Many birth defects affect the
heart. About 1 in every 100 to
200 babies is born with a heart
defect. Heart defects make up
about one-third to one-fourth of
all birth defects. Some of these
heart defects can be serious,
and a few are very severe. In
some places of the world, heart
defects cause half of all deaths
from birth defects in children less
than 1 year of age.
Other common birth defects are

«neural tube defects,» which
are defects of the spine (spinal
bifida) and brain (anencephaly).
They affect about 1 of 1,000
pregnancies. These defects can
be serious and are often lives
threatening. They happen less
often than heart defects, but
they cause many fetal and infant
deaths.
Birth defects of the lip and roof
of the mouth are also common.
These birth defects, known as
«orofacial clefts,» include cleft lip,
cleft palate, and combined cleft
lip and cleft palate. Cleft lip is
more common than cleft palate.
In many places of the world,
orofacial clefts affect about 1 in
700 to 1,000 babies.
What is the role of a Genetic
Counsellor?
The Genetic Counsellor checks
the medical history of the family
in question, noting the pattern
of inheritance of a particular
genetic disease, and the
probability of its inheritance
amongst the offspring.
What role do you play in
the organisation of and/or
participation in awareness
campaigns and educational
activities for the families?
What is CDC doing to help
prevent genetic defects?
The Centres for Disease Control
and Prevention (or CDC) is
a global agency to protect
public health and safety. The
CDC focuses its attention on
developing and applying
disease prevention and
control especially infectious
diseases, environmental health,

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