📘 ❞ Antibiotics and Antiseptics in Periodontal Therapy ❝ كتاب

كتب طب الأسنان - 📖 كتاب ❞ Antibiotics and Antiseptics in Periodontal Therapy ❝ 📖

█ _ 0 حصريا كتاب ❞ Antibiotics and Antiseptics in Periodontal Therapy ❝ 2024 Therapy: Therapy by :Dr Dumitrescu 1 Therapy 2 Alexandrina L Dumitrescu Therapy 3 ISBN 978 3 642 13210 0 e 13211 7 DOI 10 1007 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2010937957 © Verlag Berlin 2011 This work is subject to copyright All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part material concerned, specifically translation, reprinting, reuse illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm any other way, storage data banks Duplication this publication parts thereof permitted only under provisions German Copyright Law September 9, 1965, its current version, permission for use must always be obtained from Violations liable prosecution The general descriptive names, registered trademarks, etc does not imply, even absence a specific statement, that such names exempt relevant protective laws regulations therefore free Product liability: publishers cannot guarantee accuracy information about dosage appli cation contained book In every individual case user check by consulting literature Cover design: eStudio Calamar, Figueres Printed acid paper Science+Business Media (www springer com) Author Dr University Tromsø Institute Clinical Dentistry Department Periodontology 9037 Norway alexandrina l dumitrescu@gmail com 4 v Preface Periodontitis defined as an inflammatory disease periodontium characterized inflammation gingival adjacent attachment apparatus, illustrated loss clinical due destruction periodontal ligament supporting bone represents major cause tooth adults leading long term disability increased treatment needs It well estab lished various diseases caused bacterial infection Dental plaque was “matrix enclosed populations adherent each surfaces interfaces” microbial biofilm, diverse community found surface embedded matrix polymers salivary origin complex biofilm may offer some pro tection host’s immunologic mechanisms chemotherapeutic agents used logical do first mechanical removal dis ruption dental itself Antimicrobial extensively both medicine dentistry elimi nate These drugs also widely prophylaxis prevent “at risk” patient collection scientific papers textbooks important understanding antibiotics antisep tics therapy addressed dentists, periodontologists, undergraduate postgrad uate students, hygienists, co associated professionals Dumitrescu 5 vii Contents 1 Antimicrobial Resistance Plaque Biofilm 1 1 Characteristics Bacterial 1 Biofilm Formation 2 Architecture 2 3 Microbial Composition 3 4 Importance Biofilms Human Diseases 2 Mechanisms Against Antimicrobials 8 2 Impermeability Agents 2 Altered Growth Rates Organisms 9 3 The Microenvironment Antagonizing Activity 4 The Role Horizontal Dissemination 5 Communications Systems (Quorum Sensing) 13 6 Antibiotic Susceptibility Species Residing 7 Role Drug Delivery Combating 14 References 15 2 The Prophylactic Use 19 1 Levels Bacteremia Associated with Interventional Procedures Everyday Activities 20 1 Frequency Oral 2 Nature Magnitude 4 Duration 44 5 Impact Disease 6 Impact Hygiene 7 Impact Type Procedure 45 8 Impact Antibiotic Antiseptic 9 Cumulative Risk over Time Bacteremias Routine Daily Compared 45 6 viii Contents 2 Prophylaxis Infective Endocarditis 1 Pathogenesis IE 46 2 Clinical Features 3 Identification At Patients Occurrence Mortality 4 Identification 5 Recommended Regimens 50 6 Discussion 59 3 Antibiotic Prophylaxis before Invasive Joint Replacements 61 1 Existing Guidelines 62 Prevention Infection Following Surgical 69 4 1 The Asplenic Patient 2 Transplantation 3 Hematological 70 4 HIV 71 72 Systemic 79 1 Advantages Periodontics 2 Disadvantages 80 3 Efficacy 4 Microbiological Analysis 81 5 Drug Interactions 82 1 Single Regimes 2 Combination 117 3 Sequencing 128 7 Adverse Effects 129 8 Discussions Available Data Regarding Effectiveness 134 8 Index Change 2 Gingival Inflammation 3 PD CAL 135 4 Alveolar Bone Loss 137 5 Gingival Crevicular Fluid Changes 9 Limitations 139 9 Number Subjects 3 Characteristics Study Population 148 Nature Measurements Performed Studies 149 5 The Prescribed Their Dosage Duration Administration 6 Characteristics Interventions 150 7 The Design 151 7 Contents ix 10 What Use? 151 11 Considering Monotherapy Treatment Disease? 12 Implications Adjunct Nonsurgical 153 13 Recommendations Treating 154 14 Final Considerations 161 162 Topical Pockets 171 Disadvantages Local Agent Pocket 171 2 Antibiotics 172 Tetracycline HCl Minocycline 173 Doxycycline 185 230 كتب طب الأسنان مجاناً PDF اونلاين هو فرع من فروع الطب يختص بدراسة وتشخيص ومعالجة أمراض الفم والوجه والفكين والأسنان والأنسجة المحيطة بها والوقاية منها ويتفرع إلى العديد الاختصاصات يعتبر فنا وعلما أطباء أو جراحو هم المختصون تشخيص ووقاية وعلاج تجويف يساعد طبيب فريق داعم يوفر خدمات مثل استخدام التصوير الشعاعي وغيرها التقنيات لضمان صحيح وتخطيط للعلاج قد يشمل العلاج ملء تجاويف وإزالة أعصاب أثناء علاج الجذور اللثة قلع إذا استلزم الأمر واستبدال المفقودة بأطقم كثيرا ما يستخدم التخدير قبل الذي يسبب الألم يمكن بالذهب الفضة الخزف مزيج تدخل الأنسجة الرخوة للفم ضمن مجال أكثرها شيوعا

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Antibiotics and Antiseptics in Periodontal Therapy

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عن كتاب Antibiotics and Antiseptics in Periodontal Therapy:
Antibiotics and Antiseptics in Periodontal Therapy

by :Dr. Dumitrescu

1. Antibiotics and Antiseptics in Periodontal Therapy

2. Alexandrina L.Dumitrescu Antibiotics and Antiseptics in Periodontal Therapy

3. ISBN 978-3-642-13210-0 e-ISBN 978-3-642-13211-7 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-13211-7 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2010937957 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publishers cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information about dosage and appli- cation contained in this book. In every individual case the user must check such information by consulting the relevant literature. Cover design: eStudio Calamar, Figueres/Berlin Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Author Dr. Alexandrina L. Dumitrescu University of Tromsø Institute of Clinical Dentistry Department of Periodontology 9037 Tromsø Norway alexandrina.l.dumitrescu@gmail.com

4. v Preface Periodontitis is defined as an inflammatory disease of the periodontium characterized by inflammation of the gingival and adjacent attachment apparatus, illustrated by loss of clinical attachment due to destruction of the periodontal ligament and loss of the adjacent supporting bone. Periodontitis represents the major cause of tooth loss in adults leading to long-term disability and increased treatment needs. It is well estab- lished that the various periodontal diseases are caused by bacterial infection. Dental plaque was defined as “matrix-enclosed bacterial populations adherent to each other and/or to surfaces or interfaces”. Dental plaque is a microbial biofilm, a diverse microbial community found on the tooth surface embedded in a matrix of polymers of bacterial and salivary origin. This complex biofilm may offer some pro- tection from the host’s immunologic mechanisms as well as chemotherapeutic agents used for treatment. It is therefore logical to do first the mechanical removal and dis- ruption of the dental plaque biofilm itself. Antimicrobial agents are used extensively in both medicine and dentistry to elimi- nate infection. These drugs are also widely used as a prophylaxis to prevent infection in the “at risk” patient. This book is a collection of data from scientific papers and textbooks found to be important for the understanding of the antibiotics and antisep- tics used in the periodontal therapy. This book is addressed to dentists, periodontologists, undergraduate and postgrad- uate dental students, dental hygienists, and other co-associated professionals. Alexandrina L. Dumitrescu

5. vii Contents 1 Antimicrobial Resistance of Dental Plaque Biofilm ............................... 1 1.1 Characteristics of Dental Plaque as a Bacterial Biofilm........................ 1 1.1.1 Biofilm Formation .................................................................... 1 1.1.2 Architecture of Dental Plaque Biofilm..................................... 2 1.1.3 Microbial Composition of Dental Plaque................................. 3 1.1.4 Importance of Biofilms in Human Diseases............................. 7 1.2 Mechanisms of Biofilm Resistance Against Antimicrobials................. 8 1.2.1 Biofilm Impermeability to Antimicrobial Agents..................... 8 1.2.2 Altered Growth Rates in Biofilm Organisms............................ 9 1.2.3 The Biofilm Microenvironment Antagonizing Antimicrobial Activity.............................................................. 9 1.2.4 The Role of Horizontal Dissemination in the Biofilm.............. 9 1.2.5 Communications Systems (Quorum Sensing).......................... 13 1.2.6 Antibiotic Susceptibility of Bacterial Species Residing in Biofilms................................................................. 13 1.2.7 Role for Drug Delivery Systems for Combating Bacterial Resistance of Biofilm........................ 14 References...................................................................................................... 15 2 The Prophylactic Use of Antibiotics in Periodontal Therapy................. 19 2.1 Levels of Bacteremia Associated with Interventional Procedures and Everyday Activities...................................................... 20 2.1.1 Frequency of Bacteremia Associated with Dental Procedures and Oral Activities.............................. 20 2.1.2 Nature of Bacteremia Associated with Dental Procedures and Oral Activities...................................... 20 2.1.3 Magnitude of Bacteremia Associated with Dental Procedures and Oral Activities.............................. 20 2.1.4 Duration of Bacteremia Associated with Dental Procedures and Oral Activities.............................. 44 2.1.5 Impact of Dental Disease on Bacteremia.................................. 44 2.1.6 Impact of Oral Hygiene on Bacteremia.................................... 44 2.1.7 Impact of Type of Dental Procedure on Bacteremia................. 45 2.1.8 Impact of Antibiotic/Antiseptic Therapy on Bacteremia.......... 45 2.1.9 Cumulative Risk over Time of Bacteremias from Routine Daily Activities Compared with the Bacteremia from a Dental Procedure.......................... 45

6. viii Contents 2.2 Prophylaxis of Infective Endocarditis.................................................... 45 2.2.1 Pathogenesis of IE..................................................................... 46 2.2.2 Clinical Features of IE.............................................................. 46 2.2.3 Identification of At-Risk Patients for Occurrence or Mortality from Endocarditis........................ 46 2.2.4 Identification of At-Risk Dental Procedures............................. 46 2.2.5 Recommended Prophylactic Regimens for Dental Procedures............................................................... 50 2.2.6 Discussion................................................................................. 59 2.3 Antibiotic Prophylaxis before Invasive Dental Procedure in Patients with Joint Replacements..................................... 61 2.3.1 Existing Guidelines................................................................... 62 2.4 The Prevention of Infection Following Dental Surgical Procedures...... 69 2.4.1 The Asplenic Patient................................................................. 69 2.4.2 Transplantation Patients............................................................ 69 2.4.3 Hematological Patients............................................................. 70 2.4.4 HIV Infection............................................................................ 71 References...................................................................................................... 72 3 The Systemic Use of Antibiotics in Periodontal Therapy....................... 79 3.1 Advantages of Systemic Antibiotic Therapy in Periodontics................ 79 3.2 Disadvantages of Systemic Antibiotic Therapy in Periodontics......................................................................... 80 3.3 Efficacy of Systemic Antibiotic Therapy in Periodontics...................... 80 3.4 Microbiological Analysis....................................................................... 81 3.5 Drug Interactions.................................................................................... 82 3.6 Antibiotic Regimens in Periodontal Therapy......................................... 82 3.6.1 Single Antibiotic Regimes........................................................ 82 3.6.2 Combination Antimicrobial Therapy........................................ 117 3.6.3 Sequencing of Antibiotic Therapy............................................ 128 3.7 Adverse Effects...................................................................................... 129 3.8 Discussions of Available Data Regarding Effectiveness of Systemic Antibiotics in Periodontal Therapy.............. 134 3.8.1 Plaque Index Change................................................................ 134 3.8.2 Gingival Inflammation.............................................................. 134 3.8.3 PD and CAL Change................................................................ 135 3.8.4 Alveolar Bone Loss................................................................... 137 3.8.5 Gingival Crevicular Fluid Changes........................................... 137 3.9 Limitations of Available Data................................................................ 139 3.9.1 The Type of the Periodontal Disease........................................ 139 3.9.2 The Number of Subjects........................................................... 139 3.9.3 Characteristics of the Study Population.................................... 148 3.9.4 The Nature of the Clinical Measurements Performed in the Studies........................................................... 149 3.9.5 The Prescribed Antibiotics and Their Dosage and Duration of Administration................... 149 3.9.6 Characteristics of the Interventions.......................................... 150 3.9.7 The Study Design...................................................................... 151

7. Contents ix 3.10 What Dosage to Use?.......................................................................... 151 3.11 Considering Systemic Antibiotics as Monotherapy in the Treatment of Periodontal Disease?............................................ 151 3.12 Implications of Systemic Antibiotics as an Adjunct to Nonsurgical and Surgical Therapy.................................... 153 3.13 Recommendations for Treating Periodontitis with Antibiotics........... 154 3.14 Final Considerations............................................................................ 161 References...................................................................................................... 162 4 The Topical Use of Antibiotics in Periodontal Pockets............................ 171 4.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Local Antimicrobial Agent Pocket Delivery.................................................... 171 4.2 Antibiotics for Topical Use in Periodontal Therapy.............................. 172 4.2.1 Tetracycline-HCl....................................................................... 172 4.2.2 Minocycline.............................................................................. 173 4.2.3 Doxycycline.............................................................................. 185 4.2.4 ................... 230

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