📘 ❞ Comparative pharmacokinetics of sulfamethazine after intravenous administration in bovine (Bos taurus) and buffalo (Bubalis bubalis) calves ❝ كتاب

عن كتاب Comparative pharmacokinetics of sulfamethazine after intravenous administration in bovine (Bos taurus) and buffalo (Bubalis bubalis) calves:
Comparative pharmacokinetics of sulfamethazine after intravenous administration in bovine (Bos taurus) and buffalo (Bubalis bubalis) calves من كتب طب بيطرى

Comparative pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin after a single
intramuscular administration at two dosages to camels (
Camelus
dromedarius
)
R. LARAJE*
A. TALMI*
R. BOUNAGA


M. BENGOUMI


A. EL HRAIKI


&
M. LAURENTIE

*
Laboratoire National de Contro
ˆ
le des Me
́
dicaments Ve
́
te
́
rinaires, Rue Ikhlass, Cite
́
Yakoub El Mansour, Rabat;


Institut Agronomique et
Ve
́
te
́
rinaire Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco;

AFSSA Fouge
`
res, LERMVD, Unite
́
pharmacocine
́
tique-Pharmacodynamie, Fouge
`
res Cedex, France
(Paper received 9 December 2005; accepted for publication 20 February 2006)
M. Laurentie, AFSSA Fouge
`
res, LERMVD, Unite
́
pharmacocine
́
tique-Pharmacodynamie, BP. 90203, 35302 Fouge
`
res Cedex,
France. E-mail: m.laurentie@fougeres.afssa.fr
Marbofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent used
exclusively in veterinary medicine. This agent has a broad-
spectrum microbial activity including most aerobic Gram-
negative and some aerobic Gram-positive bacteria. Its spectrum
of activity and pharmacokinetic profile suggest good tissue
penetration making this drug a suitable second choice treatment
especially for dermatological and pulmonary infections. Mar-
bofloxacin is mainly eliminated in urine in its active form
making it a suitable alternative for the treatment of urinary tract
infections (Schneider
et al.
, 1996). A previous study has shown
that the main clinical problems in adult dromedaries are
dermatological and pulmonary infections whereas in young
dromedaries infectious diarrhoea is of major clinical importance
(Bengoumi & Faye, 2002). Marbofloxacin might be a suitable
antimicrobial agent for the treatment of these diseases in the
camel. The pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin are well
documented in bovine species, but not in camels. The purpose
of the present study was to investigate the disposition of this
fluoroquinolone in camels following administration of a single
dose at a dosage of 2 and 4 mg/kg b.w. intramuscularly (i.m.).
The study was carried out on five healthy male camels, 5–
13 years old and ranging in body weight from 291 to 535 kg.
They were individually stabled and were fed barley (2 kg/day
each) and had free access to hay and water. No drugs had been
administered previously to these animals.
All the camels were administered a 10% aqueous solution of
the base form of marbofloxacin (Ve
́
toquinol, Lure, France) at a
dose of 4 mg/kg b.w., i.m., in the right thigh. After a wash-out
period of 2 weeks, the same animals were administered the same
solution at a dose of 2 mg/kg b.w. i.m. in the right thigh. Blood
samples (10 mL) were collected from the right jugular vein just
before drug administration and at 5, 10, 15, 30, 45 min, 1, 2, 3,
4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 h after administration.
Blood samples were centrifuged (2600
g
for 10 min) and plasma
was stored at
)
20
°
C until analysis.
The plasma concentration of marbofloxacin were determined
by a reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography
with UV detection (295 nm) using the method described by
Schneider
et al.
(1996). The standard curve of marbofloxacin in
camel plasma was linear between 0.1 and 5
l
g/mL with a
determination coefficient (
r
2
) of 99.8%. The recovery measured
on linear dosage interval was 96%. The intra- and inter-assay
coefficients of variation were below 5%. The limit of quantifica-
tion was established at 0.1
l
g/mL.
Both compartmental and statistical moment approaches were
used to analyse the plasma concentration–time data for mar-
bofloxacin in camels using a nonlinear regression analysis
program (Winonlin 4.01; Pharsight Inc., Mountain View, CA,
USA). One- and two-compartment open models were tested
using first-order absorption with and without a lag time. The
best fitting model was selected using Akaike’s Information
Criterion (Yamaoka
et al.
, 1978). Classical pharmacokinetic
parameters were calculated using standard equations (Gibaldi &
Perrier, 1982). The observed maximum concentration (
C
maxobs
)
and the time when these concentrations occurred (
t
max
) have
also been indicated.
The relative bioavailability (
F
) was calculated using the
equation:
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