█ _ 0 حصريا كتاب Pharmaceutical microbiology 2024 microbiology: PREFACE The textbook of ‘Pharmaceutical Microbiology’ specifically aims at the ever demanding thoughtful need an absolutely well documented compilation factual details related to : theoritical principles, classifications, diagramatic profiles, graphic presentations, critical explanation, latest examples for Pharmacy Degree (B Pharm ,) throughout Indian Universities, SAARC countries, and similar curricula adopted abroad Modern invigorative society, based on overwhelming overemphasized broad spectrum importance vis a vis utilities ‘Microbiology’ profusely gets benefited from intricate species of scores microorganisms in several ways means, namely antibiotics, vaccines, enzymes, vitamins etc Nevertheless, quantum leap forward field ‘Modern Biotechnology’ rests predominantly upon reasonably sound microbiological foundation Besides, do modulate plethora of vital functionalities, such as ( a ) enable completion cycles C, O, N S which essentially occur both terrestrial aquatic systems ; ( b ) provide indispensable components prevailing ecosystem ( c ) serve source ‘nutrients’ occurring the grass root practically large segment ecological food webs chains The entire course content presented has been meticulously and painstakingly developed expanded per AICTE Approved Syllabus–2000 Each chapter has duly expatiated simple, lucid, crisp language easily comprehensible by its august readers A unique largely acceptable style presentation adopted, viz , brief introduction, principles, labeled figures, graphics, diagrams equipments, descriptions, explanations, pharmaceutical applications, selected classical examples chapter is elaborated with adequate foot notes, references, ‘further reading references’ end An exhaustive ‘Glossary Important Microbiological Terminologies’ annexed at fairly up date computer generated ‘Index’ will surely enlarge vision readers gaining easy access subject enriched text materials Pharmaceutical Microbiology consists Ten Chapters : (1) Introduction Scope ; (2) Structure and Function Bacterial Cells ; (3) Characterization, Classification Taxonomy of Microbes (4) Identification Microorganisms (5) Nutrition, Cultivation Isolation Bacteria Actinomycetes Fungi Viruses (6) Microbial Genetics Variations (7) Control Physical and Chemical Methods (8) Sterility Testing Products (9) Immune Systems and (10) Mi crobiological (Microbial) Assays Antibiotics–Vitamins–Amino Acids text material essentially embodies not only ample emphasis vivid coverage of fundamental principles scientific discipline but also maintains manageable length for apprehension brilliant students CONTENTS 1 Scope 1 1 1 Introduction 2 Historical Development 3 1 The Microscope Spontaneous Generation Vs Biogenesis 4 1 3 Fermentation 6 1 4 Germ Theory 5 Classical Laboratory Pure Cultures 7 1 6 Immunity 8 1 7 Medical 9 1 8 10 1 9 Industrial 14 1 10 Emergence Molecular Biology 15 1 11 Virology 17 1 12 Microorganisms Geochemical Agents 19 1 13 Microbiology New Millennium 19 2 Cells 23 2 Characteristic Features Shape Size Reproduction 24 2 Formation Colony Mutation Motility Food Oxygen Requirements Temperature Activities 25 2 Organization Type 26 2 Eukaryotic 27 2 Prokaryotic 33 2 Archaeobacteria Eubacteria 37 2 Methanogenic Bacteria [Methanogens] 38 2 Extreme Halophiles 40 ( ix ) 2 Thermoacidophiles 41 2 Thermoplasma Sulfolobus 42 2 Typical 43 2 Capsules Slimes 44 2 Flagella Fimbria 46 2 Flagella Fimbria [or Pili] 48 2 Cell Envelope 49 2 Gram Positive Negative Bacteria 51 2 Significance Teichoic Acids 53 2 Membrane 54 2 Cytoplasm 55 2 Ribosomes 57 2 Cellular Reserve Materials 58 3 Microbes 62 3 Characterization Morphological Characteristics 63 3 Characteristics 64 3 Cultural Metabolic 66 3 Antigenic Genetic 67 3 DNA Base Composition Sequence Nucleotide Bases DNA 68 3 Pathogenecity 69 3 Ecological Classificiation 70 3 Difficulties Encountered in Microorganisms Objectives Classification Classifying 71 3 Relatedness Intuitive Method 72 3 Numerical Taxonomy Systemetized 75 3 Natural Phyletic Calssification 75 ( x ) 3 Linnear Binomial Scheme 76 3 Phenotypic 77 3 Microscopic Examination 79 3 Cataloguing rRNA 80 3 Computer Aided 81 3 82 3 87 3 Kingdom Prokaryotae 88 3 Actinomyctes 89 3 General Actinomycetes 90 3 91 3 Whole Carbohydrate Patterns Aerobic Actinomycetes Major Constituents Wall Types of Actinomycetes Groups Actinomycetes Based Whole Cell Pattern Cell Wall Type 92 3 Multiocular Sporangia Related Organisms 93 3 Group Genus 94 3 Order 97 3 Family 98 3 102 3 Salient 103 3 Form Cell 104 3 Size 105 3 Structure Rickettsia Coxiella 107 3 Spirochaetes 108 4 112 4 Morphology 113 4 Selective Diagnostic Media Differential Media 116 4 Eosin Methylene Blue Agar [EMB Agar] 116 ( xi ) 4 MacConkey Agar Hektoen Enteric [HE Enrichment Blood Chocolate 117 4 Triple Sugar Iron [TSI 119 4 Biochemical Tests (or Properties) 120 4 (Sugar) Litmus Milk Indole Production Methyl Red Test [MR Test] 121 4 Voges Proskauer [VP Citrate Utilization Nitrate Reduction 122 4 Ammonia Urease Test Production Hydrogen Sulphide 123 4 Reduction Blue of Catalase [Tube Oxidase Reaction 14 Egg Yolk 124 4 15 Growth Presence Potassium Cyanide 16 Composite Profile Stains 127 4 Preparation Specimens for Light Microscopy 128 4 Standard Preparations Smears Staining 129 4 131 4 Gram’s Stain Acid Fast Miscellaneous Capsule 132 4 Endospore 133 ( xii ) 4 Microscopy Instruments 133 4 Concepts Microscope Variants 134 4 Bright Field Dark 136 4 Phase Contrast Interference Contrast (DIC) 139 4 Fluorescence Electron 141 4 Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) 142 4 Scanning (SEM) 143 5 Viruses 146 5 Nutrition 147 5 Binary Fission 148 5 Normal Curve 149 5 Lag Growth 150 5 Translational Periods Between Various Phases Synchronous 151 5 Effect Nutritional Concentration Rate of Bacterial Culture 152 5 Determining Techniques 154 5 Bismuth Sulphate Media Staphylococci 155 5 Fungi 156 5 Reproduction 158 5 Asexual Sexual 159 5 Importance Fung Methods specifications Testing pharmaceutical products carried out according Pharmacopeia which there are few types For example: In America, United States used; Japan Japanese Pharmacopeia; British Pharmacopoeia Europe European These contain test method be followed when testing, along defined specifications amount allowed given product The change depending type it introduced body pharmacopoeia covers areas like sterility endotoxin use biological indicators, microbial limits testing enumeration, grade water كتب علمية مجاناً PDF اونلاين الطريقة العلمية أو المنهج العلمي الثقافة عبارة عن مجموعة من التقنيات والطرق المصممة لفحص الظواهر والمعارف المكتشفة المراقبة حديثا من ضمن محتويات القسم العلماء , أحيائية, بيئية لا خيالية, رياضيات, طب, علم والكثير