📘 ❞ essential readings in light metals v3: On the Kinetics of Removal of Sodium from Aluminum and Aluminum‐Magnesium Alloys B. KulunkR. Guthrie ❝ كتاب ــ جون جراندفيلد اصدار 2013

عن كتاب essential readings in light metals v3: On the Kinetics of Removal of Sodium from Aluminum and Aluminum‐Magnesium Alloys B. KulunkR. Guthrie:
From basic research to industry standards to advanced applications, the articles published in this volume collectively represent a complete overview of cast shop science and technology, supporting the work of students, researchers, and engineers around the world.
It is a definitive reference in the field of aluminum production and related light metals technologies and contains a strong mix of materials science and practical, applied technology. Written for materials scientists and engineers, metallurgists, mechanical engineers, aerospace and automobile engineers, electrical and electronics engineers, this volume is a valuable resource for the global aluminum and light metals industries.
من البحث الأساسي إلى معايير الصناعة إلى التطبيقات المتقدمة ، تمثل المقالات المنشورة في هذا المجلد بشكل جماعي نظرة عامة كاملة عن علوم وتكنولوجيا متجر الصب ، مما يدعم عمل الطلاب والباحثين والمهندسين حول العالم.
وكُتب هذا المجلد لعلماء ومهندسي المواد وعلماء المعادن والمهندسين الميكانيكيين ومهندسي الفضاء والطيران ومهندسي الكهرباء والإلكترونيات ، وهو مورد قيم لصناعات الألمنيوم والمعادن الخفيفة العالمية.

Only 12 percent of the cast shop science and technology papers ever published in Light Metals were chosen for this volume. Selection was based on a rigorous review process. Among the papers, readers will find landmark original research findings and expert reviews summarizing current thinking on key topics at the time of publication.
تم اختيار 12 بالمائة فقط من الأوراق العلمية والتكنولوجية الخاصة بمحلات الصب والتي تم نشرها في Light Metals لهذا المجلد. تم الاختيار على أساس عملية مراجعة صارمة. من بين الأوراق ، سيجد القراء نتائج بحث أصلية بارزة ومراجعات خبراء تلخص التفكير الحالي حول الموضوعات الرئيسية في وقت النشر.

Highlighting some of the most important findings reported over the past five decades, this volume features some of the best technical papers published on alumina and bauxite from 1963 to 2011. Papers have been divided into thirteen subject sections for ease of access. Each section has a brief introduction and a list of recommended articles for researchers interested in exploring each subject in greater depth.
يسلط الضوء على بعض أهم النتائج التي تم الإبلاغ عنها على مدى العقود الخمسة الماضية ، ويضم هذا المجلد بعضًا من أفضل الأوراق التقنية المنشورة عن الألومينا والبوكسيت من عام 1963 إلى عام 2011. تم تقسيم الأوراق إلى ثلاثة عشر قسمًا موضوعًا لسهولة الوصول إليها. يحتوي كل قسم على مقدمة موجزة وقائمة بالمقالات الموصى بها للباحثين المهتمين باستكشاف كل موضوع بعمق أكبر.

Since 1971, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society has published the Light Metals proceedings. Highlighting some of the most important findings and insights reported over the past four decades, this volume features the best original research papers and reviews on cast shop science and technology for aluminum production published in Light Metals from 1971 to 2011.
منذ عام 1971 ، نشرت جمعية المعادن والمعادن والمواد إجراءات المعادن الخفيفة. يسلط هذا المجلد الضوء على بعض أهم النتائج والرؤى التي تم الإبلاغ عنها على مدى العقود الأربعة الماضية ، ويضم أفضل الأوراق البحثية والمراجعات الأصلية حول علوم وتكنولوجيا متاجر الصب لإنتاج الألمنيوم المنشورة في Light Metals من 1971 إلى 2011.

INTRODUCTION:
Sodium in aluminum is an undesirable element as it
causes hot cracking during hot-rolling of aluminum-magnesium
alloys. Several studies have been undertaken to investigate the
removal of sodium from aluminum and aluminum-magnesium
alloys.
Patak et al.[l] investigated the effect of holding,
stirring, inert and reactive gas bubbling at various temperatures
on the kinetics of sodium removal from commercially pure
aluminum melts. A boron-nitride nozzle was used to create a
high velocity, pencil thin, jet producing a fine dispersion of
gas bubbles of approximately 0.001 m diameter within the
melt. The size of these bubbles was estimated on the basis of
water model experiments. They showed that by inert gas
purging, about 92% of the sodium was removed from the melt
by evaporation from the surface. Only 8% of the sodium was
carried out of the melt by the purge gas bubbles.
In the case of reactive gas injection, 5 vol% of Cl2,
CF2C12, CF4C12 and SF6 were used respectively in conjunction
with nitrogen. Although it is difficult to compare their results
since experimental conditions were not equivalent, it was
apparent that the highest rates of removal were obtained when
using reactive gas fluxing with stirring. The authors also
hinted that the use of MgCl2 as a reactive agent would enhance
the rate of removal of sodium from aluminum melts.
However, no experimental results as to the degree to which
MgCl2 would be effective were presented.
Engh et al.[2] studied the removal of sodium from Al-5
wt% Mg alloys by various methods: i) mechanical stirring with
an impeller, ii) an impeller+MgCl2 top salt addition, iii)