📘 ❞ Bioinformatics Genomics and Post-Genomics ❝ كتاب ــ Noah Hardy اصدار 2006
Biology Books - 📖 كتاب ❞ Bioinformatics Genomics and Post-Genomics ❝ ــ Noah Hardy 📖
█ _ Noah Hardy 2006 حصريا كتاب ❞ Bioinformatics Genomics and Post ❝ 2024 Genomics: نبذه عن الكتاب: The dideoxyribonucleotide method, developed during the early 1980s in England, at Cambridge University laboratory of Fred Sanger, is today universally employed to sequence DNA fragments It based on use DNA polymerase elongate a single strand DNA, starting from primer, utilizing another as template The polymerase elongates the strand in presence four deoxyribonucleotide monomers (dATP, dTTP, dGTP, dCTP) analog (ddNTP), which acts as the chain terminator (Figure 1 1) Specific incorporation by yields mixture that selectively terminate positions corresponding each nucleotide (As, example below) The principle (‘dideoxy’) method illustrated in Figure 2 Four parallel reactions are carried out, one with ddNTP, the DNA obtained being separated electrophoresis A fluorescent tracer used identify synthesized so distinguish them tracer attached extremity of the fragment, either 5′ end sequencing primer or 3′ dideoxynucleotide Modern automatic sequencers utilize an in situ detection system electrophoresis, laser beam emitting in the fluorophore absorption spectrum passed through gel 3) A migrating fragment path then emits fluorescent signal detected photodiode other side signal amplified transmitted computer programmed special software for analyzing it Biology Books مجاناً PDF اونلاين Biologically Biology natural science concerned study life, its various forms function, how these organisms interact surrounding environment word biology Greek made up two words: bio (βίος) meaning life And loggia ( λογία) means Biology: similarity vegetation animal cover edges African American states, existence same fossil Branches biology Biology ancient thousands years old modern began nineteenth century This has multiple branches Among are: Anatomy Botany Biochemia Biogeography Biofisia Cytology cell science Ecology environmental science Development Embryology embryology Genetics genetics Histology histology Anthropology anthropology Microbiology bacteriology Molecular Biology Physiology functions organs Taxonemia taxonomy Virology virology Zoology zoology
كتاب
Bioinformatics Genomics and Post-Genomics
ــ Noah Hardy
صدر 2006م كتاب
Bioinformatics Genomics and Post-Genomics
ــ Noah Hardy
صدر 2006م
نبذه عن الكتاب:
The dideoxyribonucleotide method, developed during the early 1980s in
England, at the Cambridge University laboratory of Fred Sanger, is today universally employed to sequence DNA fragments. It is based on the use of DNA
polymerase to elongate a single strand of DNA, starting from a primer, utilizing another DNA strand as the template. The DNA polymerase elongates the
strand in the presence of four deoxyribonucleotide monomers (dATP, dTTP,
dGTP, and dCTP) and a dideoxyribonucleotide analog (ddNTP), which acts as
the chain terminator (Figure 1.1). Specific incorporation of the analog by DNA
polymerase yields a mixture of fragments that selectively terminate at positions
corresponding to each nucleotide (As, in the example below).
The principle of the dideoxyribonucleotide (‘dideoxy’) method is illustrated
in Figure 1.2. Four parallel reactions are carried out, one with each ddNTP, the
DNA fragments obtained being separated by electrophoresis. A fluorescent
tracer is used to identify fragments synthesized by the polymerase so as to distinguish them from template DNA. The tracer is attached to one extremity of
the fragment, either at the 5′-end of the sequencing primer or at the 3′-end of
the dideoxynucleotide terminator. Modern automatic sequencers utilize an in
situ detection system during electrophoresis, in which a laser beam emitting in
the fluorophore absorption spectrum is passed through the gel (Figure 1.3). A
migrating DNA fragment in the path of the laser beam then emits a fluorescent
signal detected by a photodiode on the other side of the gel. The signal is amplified and transmitted to a computer programmed with special software for
analyzing it.
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