📘 ❞ Lakes and Wetlands ❝ كتاب ــ Britannica Educational اصدار 2011
Biology Books - 📖 ❞ كتاب Lakes and Wetlands ❝ ــ Britannica Educational 📖
█ _ Britannica Educational 2011 حصريا كتاب Lakes and Wetlands 2024 Wetlands: نبذه عن الكتاب: the concentration of ions—charged atoms or molecules—present in water Certain lakes, such as Great Salt Lake Utah (U S ) the Dead Sea the Middle East, have salinity levels higher than that the world’s oceans The majority however, have ion concentrations so low level becomes negligible Soluble salts surrounding rock, which gradually erodes flows into lakes via streams and rivers, determine Many other inorganic compounds as various plant nutrients (e g , phosphates and nitrates), heavy metals mercury), polychlorinated hydrocarbons DDT) may also find their way a lake by these means, although rainfall and wind borne air particulates are culprit methods of addition well Numerous interacting variables influence life cycle lake, among them temperature variants within lake strata extent to which light penetrates into the deeper waters Solar radiation, inflows outflows of water, effects cause temperature change; currents wave action each directly affects the map These zones within further affected clastic sediments (clay, silt, sand), organic debris, chemical precipitates In general, undergo heat transfers vertically, which causes mixing that thermocline, or gradient, regions will “flip ” For example, uppermost waters, characterized by temperatures near freezing (0 °C [32 °F]) early spring, absorb weather warms density of upper layers increase until the water exceeds (4 [39 2 If is greater the lower layers, sinks, the lake overturns Biology Books مجاناً PDF اونلاين Biologically Biology natural science concerned with study life, its forms function, how organisms interact environment word biology Greek made up two words: bio (βίος) meaning life And loggia ( λογία) means Biology: similarity vegetation animal cover on edges African American states, existence same fossil Branches biology Biology an ancient thousands years old modern began nineteenth century This has multiple branches Among are: Anatomy Botany Biochemia Biogeography Biofisia Cytology cell science Ecology environmental science Development Embryology embryology Genetics genetics Histology histology Anthropology anthropology Microbiology bacteriology Molecular Biology Physiology functions organs Taxonemia taxonomy Virology virology Zoology zoology
كتاب
Lakes and Wetlands
ــ Britannica Educational
صدر 2011م
كتاب
Lakes and Wetlands
ــ Britannica Educational
صدر 2011منبذه عن الكتاب:
the concentration of ions—charged atoms or
molecules—present in water. Certain lakes, such as
Great Salt Lake in Utah (U.S.) and the Dead Sea in the
Middle East, have salinity levels higher than that of the
world’s oceans. The majority of lakes, however, have
ion concentrations so low that salinity level becomes
negligible. Soluble salts in the surrounding rock, which
gradually erodes and flows into lakes via streams and
rivers, determine salinity. Many other inorganic compounds such as various plant nutrients (e.g., phosphates
and nitrates), heavy metals (e.g., mercury), and polychlorinated hydrocarbons (e.g., DDT) may also find
their way into a lake by these means, although rainfall
and wind-borne air particulates are culprit methods of
addition as well.
Numerous interacting variables influence the life
cycle of a lake, among them temperature variants within
lake strata and the extent to which light penetrates into
the deeper waters. Solar radiation, inflows and outflows
of water, and the effects of wind cause temperature
change; currents and wave action each directly affects
the temperature map of a lake. These temperature zones
within lakes are further affected by clastic sediments
(clay, silt, sand), organic debris, and chemical precipitates. In general, lakes undergo heat transfers vertically,
which causes mixing of the waters to the extent that
thermocline, or heat-gradient, regions will “flip.” For
example, the uppermost lake waters, characterized by
temperatures near freezing (0 °C [32 °F]) in the early
spring, absorb heat as the weather warms. The density
of the water in these upper layers will increase until the
water temperature exceeds (4 °C [39.2 °F]). If the density
of the upper layers of the lake is greater than that of the
lower layers, the water in the upper layers sinks, and the
lake water overturns.
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