█ _ Raymond Hickey 2015 حصريا كتاب Phonetics_and_Phonology 2024 Phonetics_and_Phonology: Phonetics_and_Phonology Phonetics and phonology 1 1 Characterising articulations 1 Consonants 1 2 Vowels 1 Phonotactics 1 3 Syllable structure 1 4 Prosody 1 5 Writing sound The level which concerns itself with the smallest units of language is phonetics Phonology on other hand functional classification sounds a particular It system by means meanings are differentiated in a serve as building blocks for higher linguistic levels, e g morphology Phonetics study human general without saying what function may have particular The term ‘phonetics’ is, however, often used reference to one when emphasis on the pronunciation this For instance, book of Irish would be about how pronounce Irish correctly not necessarily about the functions phonological the language It customary divide field into three branches as follows 1) articulatory (emission sounds) 2) acoustic (transmission sounds) 3) auditive (reception sounds) In any there will are differentiate meaning and those do function To cope situation descriptively one needs terms start Raymond علم الأصوات phonology مجاناً PDF اونلاين هذا القسم يحتويعلي مصادر خاصة بعلم الأصوات هو فرع من اللغويات يهتم بتنظيم اللغات يركز هذا العلم تقليدياً بشكل كبير دراسة نظم الفونيم لغات محددة ولكن قد تغطي أيضاً أي تحليلات لسانية سواءً مستوى ما دون الكلمة (كالمقاطع اللفظية وغيرها) أو جميع مستويات اللغة حيث يتم اعتبار الصوت هيكلياً لنقل المعنى اللغوي Phonology branch linguistics concerned systematic organization spoken languages signs sign only systems phonemes (and therefore also called phonemics, or phonematics), but it cover linguistic analysis either at beneath word (including syllable, onset rime, gestures, features, mora, etc ) all levels where sound structured convey ] Sign equivalent specifications movement, location handshape ] Contents 1 Terminology 2 Derivation definitions 3 History 4 Analysis phonemes 5 Other topics phonology Terminology The 'phonology' (as English) can refer (sound system) given This fundamental considered comprise, like its syntax, vocabulary