█ _ 1994 حصريا كتاب Oxford Guide to English Grammar 2024 Grammar: Grammar Oxford University Press Walton Street, 0X2 6DP Oxford New York Auckland Bangkok Buenos Aires Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi São Paulo Shanghai Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto with an associated company in Berlin OXFORD a n d OXFORD ENGLISH are trade marks of Press ISBN 0 19 431351 4 (paperback) ISBN 431334 (hardback) © Press 1994 First published 1994 Seventh impression 2002 No unauthorized photocopying All rights reserved No part this publication may be reproduced, stored retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, otherwise, without the prior written permission This book is sold subject condition that it shall not, by way be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated publisher's prior consent in binding cover other than which is published and similar including this condition being imposed on subsequent purchaser Illustrated Heather Clarke Typeset Utopia by Tradespools Ltd, Frome, Somerset Printed Kong Contents Introduction VII Acknowledgements VIII Key symbols IX Sentence text 1 grammar 1 2 The simple sentence 6 3 Statements, questions, imperatives exclamations 15 4 Questions answers 25 5 Leaving out replacing words 42 6 Information emphasis 52 7 Spoken written 64 Verb forms 8 verb phrase 75 9 Verb tenses aspects 82 10 future 95 11 Be, have do 104 12 Modal verbs 113 13 passive 130 Infinitive, gerund participles 14 infinitive 144 15 159 16 Participles 167 The noun phrase 17 Nouns phrases 175 18 Agreement 191 19 articles: 198 20 Possessives demonstratives 213 21 Quantifiers 219 22 Pronouns 233 23 Numbers measurements 245 Adjectives, adverbs prepositions 24 Adjectives 251 25 Adverbials 260 26 Comparison 278 27 Prepositions 286 28 Phrasal patterns with prepositions 302 Main clauses sub clauses 29 Sentences more one clause 317 30 And, or, but, so etc 323 31 Adverbial 327 32 Conditional 333 33 Noun 341 34 Direct indirect speech 346 35 Relative 356 Word forms 36 Word building 367 37 endings: pronunciation spelling 376 38 Irregular plurals 380 39 forms 382 Appendix 40 American 389 Glossary 397 Index 404 Introduction The systematic account grammatical forms they are used standard British today is on meanings how govern choice grammatical pattern The thorough its coverage but pays most attention points of importance intermediate advanced learners English, their teachers It will found equally suitable for quick reference details the more leisured study broad topics A useful feature inclusion example texts conversations, many them authentic, show connected writing and in Language changes all time Even though slowly than vocabulary, not set unalterable rules There sometimes disagreements about what correct incorrect 'Incorrect' often used informal Does make acceptable? Where there difference between common usage opinions about correctness, I pointed information important In some situations safer for them use traditionally seen as correct form unsuitable context, however, can interfere understanding just as much mistake To help language appropriate a given occasion, frequently marked usages formal, informal, literary and How book Any user kind rely full efficient index, is provided (pages 404 446) addition, summary at the beginning each chapter gives bird's eye view, examples, the grammar covered whole references individual sections follow كتب تعلم اللغة الإنجليزية مجاناً PDF اونلاين وتعليم الانجليزية للمبتدئين والمتقدمين والاطفال والكبار والطلاب النطق والجرامر والقواعد النحوية وقواميس للترجمة